Concept of Bribe in Islam:

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 Concept of Bribe in Islam:



Bribery is a major sin, because of the report narrated by Ahmed and Abu Dawood from Abd-Allah ibn Amr who said: The Messenger of Allah cursed the one who gives a bribe and the one who takes it. Classsed as Saheeh by al-Abbani in Irwa al-Ghaleel.
So if you can get the work done without paying a bribe, then it is hraam for you  to pay it.
Secondly:
If a person who has a right cannot get his right except by paying a bribe, then the scholars have stated that it is permissible for him  to give the bribe in that case, and the prohibition applies to the bribe in that case and the prohibition applies to the one who takes it and and not the one who gives it. They quoted as evidence for that the report narrated by Ahmad from Umar ibn al-Khattab according to which the Messenger of Allah said: "One of them asks me for something and I give it to him, and he goes out with it, carrying it under his arm, and it is nothing but fire for him. " Umar said: O Messenger of Allah, why do you give it to them?" He said: "They insist on asking me, and Allah insists that I should not be stingy." Classed as saheeh by al-Albani in Saheeh al Targheeb,
The Prophet gave money to these people even though it was haraam fo them, so as to ward off any accusation of stinginess from himself.
Sheikh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah said: If he gives him, a gift so that he will give him his rights, this gift is haraam for the one who takes it, but it is permissible for the giver to give it to him, as the Prophet said: "I give a gift to one of them..." End quote from al-Fatawa al-Kubra.
He also said: The scholars said: it is permissible to give a bribe to an official so as to ward off mistreatment, not not to make him withhold a right, but his taking the bribe is araam. For example, if a man gives something to a poet or someone else so that he will not tell lies about him in verse or otherwise os so that he will not say something about his honour that it is haraam for him to say, it is permissible for him to give that to him, but what he takes so that he will not wrong him is haraam for him, because he should not wrong him anyway.
Everyone who takes money so that he will not tell lies about  people or so that he will not mistreat them, all of that is haaam earnings, because wronging and lying are haraam anyway, so he should refrain from them without any compensation that he takes from the one who has been wronged. If he does not refrain from doing that unless he is paid, then this is haraam earnings. 
Majmooo al-Fatawa:
He also said:
The scholars said: The one who gives a gift to the one who is in authority so that he will do something for him that is not permissible, it is haraam for both the one who  gives it and the one who takes it. This is the kind of bribe of which the Prophet said: "Allah has cursed the one who gives a bribe and the one eho takes it."
But if he gives a gift so that he will refrain from wronging him or so that he will give him a right that is his due, then this gift is haraam for the one who takes it but it is permissible for the giver to give it to him. The Prophet used to say: "I give one of them something and he goes out with it under his arm, but it is fire." It was said: O Messenger of Allah, why do you give to them? He said: "They insist on asking me, and Allah insists that I should not be stingy."
With regard to giving in the case of intercession, such as when a man intercedes with the authorities to ask that a wrong be stopped or so that he may be given his rights or be appointed to a position that he deserves, so that he will be given money that comes from a waqf for the poor or fuqaha or students of Quran or pilgrims and so one and he  is entitled to that- and other types of intercession which help people to do obligatory actions  or to avoid haraam actions, in this case too it is not permissible to accept the gift, but it is permissible for the giver to give whatever will enable him to take his tights or ward off mistreatment. 
Taqiy al-Deen al-Subki said: What is meant by the bribe that we have mentioned is what is given so as to ward off a right then the prohibition applies to the one who takes it. But  if the one who gives it cannot attain his rights except  by this method, then it is not permissible.
Fatawa al-Subki,
Al Sayooti said in al-Ashbaah wa 'l Nazaa ir
The twenty seventh principle:" What is haraam to give", such as riba, the wages of a prostitute, the fee of a fortuneteller bribes, and payments to wailers and musicians,
Some kinds are exempted, such as bribes paid to rulers in order to attain one's rights and free prisoners and giving something to one whose slander in verse and fears. End quote.
Al-Hamawi said in Ghamz Ayoon al-Baasir:
The fourteenth principle:
"What is haraam to take  is also haraam to give", such as riba, the wages of a prostitute, the fee of a fortuneteller bribes and payments to wailers and musicians, "except in certain cases:
1- A bribe when one fears for one's wealth or oneself.
This appplies to the giver, but for the one to whom it is given it is haraam. End quote.
It  says in al-Mawsoo'ah al-Fiqhiyyah:
In al-Ashbaah by Ibn Nujaym and in al-Manthoor by al-Zarkashi it says: "What is haraam to take is also haraam to give", such as riba the wages of a prostitute the fee of a fortuneteller and bribes given to a judge so that will pass n unlawful judgement, except in certain cases, such as a bribe given when a person fears for himself or his wealth, or in order to free a prisoner or for one whose slander in verse one fears.
Dr. Wahbah al-Zuhayli said:  If a bribe is  the only means of attaining a lawful purpose, then it is permissible to give it in cases of necessity, but it is haraam for the one who takes it. End quote.

Ibn Maajah (2313)defined bribery as:"a major sin, because the Prophet said: "May the curse of Allah be upon the one who pays a bribe and the one who pays a bribe and the one  who takes it."
However, in a society where bribery is common even to the point of people bribing just to access their right,

Bribe in Islam:

Bribery in Islamic Criminal law. Anyone who acquires a property or benefit in an unjust manner is labeled murtesi in Muslim canonical law regardless of his status and official position. The person who offers a bride is called rasi.

In Islam, bribery is strictly prohibited, as it goes against the principles of justice, fairness, and integrity that are central to Islamic teachings. The concept of bribery is considered a form of corruption and exploitation, where money or gifts are offered to influence the actions or decisions of individuals, especially those in positions of power.

The Quran and Hadiths (sayings of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him) clearly condemn bribery. For example, the Quran states:

“And do not consume one another’s wealth unjustly or send it [in bribery] to the rulers in order that [they might aid] you [to] consume a portion of the wealth of the people in sin, while you know [it is unlawful].” (Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:188)

This verse highlights that bribery is a means of unfairly gaining wealth and is linked to both injustice and sin.

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) also said in a well-known Hadith:

“The curse of Allah is upon the one who gives a bribe and the one who takes it.” (Sunan Ibn Majah)

Bribery distorts the concept of justice, leads to inequality, and creates an unfair system, particularly in matters like governance, legal proceedings, and trade. In an Islamic society, everyone is expected to be honest, uphold their duties fairly, and avoid any form of corruption.

Muslims are encouraged to practice transparency and righteousness in all dealings and to avoid engaging in any behavior that undermines trust and justice. The avoidance of bribery is seen as a way to contribute to the betterment of society and to maintain moral and ethical standards.

Bribery in Islam is viewed as a grave sin that harms both individuals and society, and Muslims are urged to steer clear of it in every form.

The concept of bribery in Islam goes beyond the mere exchange of money or gifts; it encompasses any act of giving or receiving something with the intention of influencing or altering decisions in an unfair or unjust manner. Bribery undermines the core principles of honesty, justice, and fairness that Islam emphasizes in all aspects of life, including governance, business, and personal interactions.

Bribery in Islamic Teachings

In Islam, the fundamental concepts of justice (adl) and fairness are key to the functioning of society. Both the Quran and Hadith provide explicit guidelines regarding bribery:

The Quran:

  • Surah Al-Baqarah (2:188): As mentioned earlier, the Quran condemns the act of bribery, particularly when it is used to exploit or oppress others. It warns against using wealth to manipulate the outcomes of legal or governmental decisions:

“And do not consume one another’s wealth unjustly or send it [in bribery] to the rulers in order that [they might aid] you [to] consume a portion of the wealth of the people in sin, while you know [it is unlawful].”

This verse underscores that bribery leads to the unlawful consumption of someone else's wealth, and the use of bribery to gain an unjust advantage is forbidden.

  • Surah Al-Ma’idah (5:2): This verse stresses cooperation in righteousness and fear of Allah, urging believers to avoid helping one another in sin and transgression, which can apply to bribery:

"And cooperate in righteousness and piety, but do not cooperate in sin and aggression. And fear Allah; indeed, Allah is severe in punishment."

The Hadith:

  • The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) clearly condemned bribery in various sayings. He is reported to have said:

“Allah has cursed the one who gives a bribe and the one who takes a bribe.” (Sunan Ibn Majah)

This Hadith emphasizes that both parties involved in the transaction—whether the giver or the recipient of the bribe—are equally culpable in the eyes of Allah. The curse mentioned in this Hadith signifies the severity of the sin, highlighting the serious consequences in both this life and the Hereafter.

  • In another Hadith, the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is reported to have said:

“A bribe is a form of injustice.” (Sahih Muslim)

This Hadith reinforces the notion that bribery violates the principle of justice (adl), which is central to Islamic teachings.

Concept of bribery:

TI defines bribery as: the offering, promising, giving, accepting or soliciting of an advantage as an inducement for an action  which is illegal unethical or a breach of trust. Inducements can take the form money, gifts,loans, fees, rewards or other advantages (taxes,services,donations, favours etc).

Example of a bribe:

A bribe can be any offering of something of value in exchange for a favour. For example, an employee offering his boss a car from his dad's used car lot in exchange for a promotion is considered a form of bribery.

Causes of bribery: 

  • Higher levels of market and political monopolization.
  • Low levels of democracy, weak civil participation and low political transparency.
  • Higher levels of bureaucracy and inefficient administrative structures.
  • Low press freedom.
  • Low economic freedom.
  • Large ethnic divisions and high levels of in-group favoritism.

Guilty of bribery:

A person commits an offense if, directly or indirectly, they request, agree to or accept a financial or other advantages: intending that a relevant function or activity should be performed improperly, either by them or by a third party.

Why Bribery is Forbidden:

  1. Corruption of Justice: Bribery distorts justice by providing unfair advantages to those who are willing to pay, undermining the legal and ethical systems that should govern society. It creates an unjust society where the wealthy or influential can bypass legal processes and harm the disadvantaged.
  2. Exploitation and Oppression: When bribery is allowed, it results in the exploitation of the weak, poor, and vulnerable. Those who lack the means to offer bribes are at a disadvantage, leading to an uneven playing field in all aspects of life, from legal matters to business transactions.
  3. Dishonesty and Lack of Trust: Bribery breeds dishonesty, as it encourages individuals to deceive or manipulate others for personal gain. It erodes trust within society and leads to a breakdown in the integrity of both individuals and institutions.
  4. Harm to Society: Bribery fosters a culture of corruption and dishonesty, which harms the collective well-being of society. It creates divisions between the rich and poor, and it can perpetuate cycles of injustice and inequality.
  5. Spiritual Consequences: In addition to the social harm caused by bribery, Islam teaches that it has severe spiritual consequences. Those who engage in bribery are committing a sin that can affect their relationship with Allah, and the curse mentioned in the Hadith indicates that those involved may face punishment in the Hereafter.

The Broader Concept of Corruption:

Islam views bribery as part of a larger issue of corruption (fisq), which encompasses any act that violates moral, ethical, or legal standards. The prohibition of bribery extends to various forms of corruption, including fraud, theft, embezzlement, and any other activity that unjustly benefits one party at the expense of another.

The Islamic perspective on corruption emphasizes that it is a violation of the rights of others, and those who engage in such actions must seek repentance. Islam also encourages transparency and accountability in all affairs, especially in governance and business dealings. Leaders and officials are specifically reminded to be fair and just in their decision-making, as they hold significant responsibilities toward the people.

The Role of Governance:

Islamic governance systems are built on the foundation of justice and equity. Leaders, rulers, and judges are expected to be impartial and to act in the best interest of the people. Bribery undermines these objectives, leading to biased decisions that may not reflect what is just or fair for the general public.

To prevent bribery, Islamic teachings stress the importance of:

  • Accountability: Leaders and officials must be held accountable for their actions and decisions.
  • Transparency: All processes, especially in government and business, should be transparent and open to scrutiny.
  • Trustworthiness: Individuals, especially those in positions of power, should act with integrity and fulfill their duties honestly.

Bribery is considered a severe offense in Islam because it compromises the principles of justice, fairness, and integrity that are central to the faith. Both giving and receiving bribes are forbidden, as they contribute to corruption and harm society as a whole. Islam calls on its followers to avoid all forms of dishonesty and exploitation and to adhere to the values of righteousness and fairness in all their dealings. By doing so, Muslims contribute to a more just and ethical society, aligning their actions with the teachings of the Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

Principle about concept of bribery:

The concept of bribery in Islam is governed by several core principles rooted in the teachings of the Quran and Hadith. These principles focus on justice, integrity, fairness, and the welfare of society. Below are the key principles that define the Islamic perspective on bribery:

1. Prohibition of Unjust Gain:

Islam strongly prohibits any form of unjust gain or exploitation of others through bribery. The act of giving or accepting a bribe is seen as a violation of the principle of fairness and justice. Islam calls for wealth to be acquired in a lawful, honest, and transparent manner, and bribery is viewed as a corrupt means of obtaining benefits that are not deserved.

  • Quranic Reference: “And do not consume one another’s wealth unjustly or send it [in bribery] to the rulers in order that [they might aid] you [to] consume a portion of the wealth of the people in sin, while you know [it is unlawful].” (Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:188)

2. Violation of Justice:

Justice (adl) is a fundamental value in Islam. Bribery undermines the principle of justice by allowing decisions to be made based on personal interests rather than fairness or the truth. Islam mandates that decisions, especially legal and administrative ones, must be based on objective criteria and not on any form of corruption.

  • Hadith: "The curse of Allah is upon the one who gives a bribe and the one who takes a bribe." (Sunan Ibn Majah)

3. Accountability and Transparency:

Bribery thrives in environments where there is a lack of accountability and transparency. Islam emphasizes that individuals, especially those in positions of power or authority, must be accountable for their actions. They should ensure that their dealings are transparent and open to scrutiny, which helps prevent corruption.

  • Quranic Reference: “And cooperate in righteousness and piety, but do not cooperate in sin and aggression.” (Surah Al-Ma’idah, 5:2)

4. Equity and Fairness for All:

Islam promotes an equitable society where every individual, regardless of their wealth, status, or background, is treated with fairness. Bribery creates inequality by favoring the wealthy or powerful, which disrupts societal harmony and perpetuates injustice. In Islam, no one should be given an advantage over others through dishonest means.

  • Hadith: "A bribe is a form of injustice." (Sahih Muslim)

5. Spiritual Consequences:

In Islam, actions have both social and spiritual consequences. Bribery is not only an offense against society but also a sin against Allah. Both the giver and the recipient of a bribe are accountable to Allah for their actions, and they are warned of divine punishment in this world and the Hereafter.

  • Hadith: "The curse of Allah is upon the one who gives a bribe and the one who takes a bribe." (Sunan Ibn Majah)

6. The Role of Ethical Conduct in Society:

Islam teaches that the foundation of a just and harmonious society is built on ethical conduct, trustworthiness, and mutual respect. Bribery, by its nature, leads to dishonesty, exploitation, and the breakdown of trust. Muslims are expected to avoid any behavior that corrupts the ethical fabric of society.

7. Upholding the Rights of Others:

Bribery is seen as an act of injustice because it violates the rights of others, particularly the disadvantaged. By giving or receiving a bribe, a person is denying others their rightful due, often resulting in harm to vulnerable individuals. Islam places a strong emphasis on the protection of the rights of others and calls for the safeguarding of justice in all dealings.

8. Repentance and Reform:

For those who engage in bribery, Islam offers the opportunity for repentance and reform. While the act of bribery is considered a serious sin, Islam teaches that those who sincerely repent and seek forgiveness from Allah will be pardoned. This principle emphasizes the importance of moral accountability and the possibility of redemption.

9. Promotion of Public Welfare:

Islamic teachings emphasize that the well-being of society should be prioritized. Bribery disrupts this goal by creating systems that benefit a few at the expense of the many. Islam advocates for a just system where public officials and citizens alike are motivated by the common good, rather than personal or financial gain.

10. Prevention of Corruption:

Islamic teachings advocate for the prevention of all forms of corruption. Bribery is seen as a form of corruption that can damage not only individuals but the entire societal structure. Islam encourages measures to prevent such corrupt practices, urging leaders and citizens to maintain high ethical standards.

The principles regarding bribery in Islam are grounded in the broader Islamic framework of justice, fairness, and the common good. Bribery is viewed as an unethical practice that undermines both societal harmony and individual morality. Islam calls for integrity in all dealings, transparency in governance, and accountability in business, while recognizing that a just society can only thrive when individuals uphold the values of honesty and fairness.

Is it a sin to take bribes:

The Bribe repeatedly commands God's people not to accept bribes, and it repeatedly condemns people who do. This condemnation of bribes is clearly stated throughout the Old testament which always says it is wrong to accept a bribe. In addition, refusing bribes is always right.

Simple definition of bribes:

Bribery, the act of promising, giving, receiving, or agreeing to receive money or some other item of value with the corrupt aim of influencing a public official in the discharge of his official duties.

Effect of bribery:

It erodes trust, weakness democracy, hampers economic development and further exacerbates inequality, poverty, social division and te environmental crisis. Bribery is a form of corruption.

Aspects about concept of Bribery:

The concept of bribery in Islam is multifaceted and involves various aspects that reflect the moral, ethical, legal, and social dimensions of this practice. Islam strongly condemns bribery as it goes against the core values of justice, integrity, and fairness that form the foundation of Islamic teachings. Below are the key aspects of the concept of bribery in Islam:

1. Moral and Ethical Aspect

In Islam, bribery is fundamentally immoral and unethical. It is seen as a breach of trust, dishonesty, and a failure to act in accordance with Allah’s commands. Islam stresses that individuals must conduct themselves with sincerity, truthfulness, and integrity in all matters. The act of offering or accepting a bribe violates these principles because it is an attempt to manipulate or deceive others for personal gain, which goes against the moral foundation of Islam.

  • Hadith: The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said, “The curse of Allah is upon the one who gives a bribe and the one who takes a bribe.” (Sunan Ibn Majah)

This highlights the ethical severity of bribery in Islam, where both the giver and receiver of a bribe are equally held accountable.

2. Legal Aspect

From an Islamic legal perspective, bribery is considered a form of corruption (fisq) that undermines the legal and judicial system. The concept of justice (adl) is central to Islamic law (Sharia), and bribery distorts justice by making legal and judicial decisions contingent upon personal or financial gain rather than truth and fairness. This is especially harmful in the case of judges, rulers, and other individuals in positions of authority, who are responsible for ensuring justice is served.

  • Quran: Allah commands fairness and justice in the administration of laws. "O you who have believed, do not betray Allah and the Messenger or betray your trust while you know [the consequence]." (Surah Al-Anfal, 8:27)

Bribery creates an environment where individuals can manipulate or circumvent legal processes, leading to unjust outcomes.

3. Social Aspect

Bribery has a profound negative impact on society, fostering inequality, injustice, and division. It widens the gap between the rich and the poor, as those with wealth can more easily access unfair advantages. For the disadvantaged and marginalized groups in society, bribery creates a system where their rights can be ignored or violated, as they lack the resources to offer bribes.

Islam encourages the establishment of a just society where all individuals are treated equally, regardless of their financial status, race, or background. The practice of bribery goes against this ideal by privileging certain individuals over others and creating an unfair and corrupt system.

  • Hadith: The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said, “Beware! There is no one more unjust than the one who takes the wealth of a Muslim unjustly.” (Sahih Muslim)

4. Spiritual and Religious Aspect

Bribery, in Islam, is seen as a serious sin that harms not only societal structures but also the individual’s relationship with Allah. In addition to the social and legal consequences, bribery has spiritual repercussions. Engaging in bribery is viewed as a violation of the trust Allah has placed in individuals to act justly and fairly. It undermines the ethical and moral values that Muslims are expected to uphold.

Islam teaches that actions are judged not only by their external results but also by the intentions behind them. Offering or accepting a bribe is considered an act of bad faith, and it reflects a lack of fear of Allah's judgment.

  • Quran: “And do not exchange My signs for a small price, and fear Me.” (Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:41)

5. Economic Aspect

Bribery distorts economic systems by enabling unfair practices such as embezzlement, fraud, and unjust business dealings. In an Islamic economic framework, trade and business should be conducted with honesty, transparency, and respect for others' rights. Bribery disrupts this principle, allowing individuals to gain wealth and benefits through dishonest means, often to the detriment of others.

  • Hadith: The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said, "He who cheats is not one of us." (Sahih Muslim)

This Hadith highlights that corruption, including bribery, is fundamentally incompatible with the principles of Islamic economics, which emphasize justice, transparency, and ethical behavior.

6. Accountability and Repentance

Islam provides a path for individuals who have engaged in bribery to repent and seek forgiveness from Allah. The concept of repentance (tawbah) is central to Islam, and Muslims are encouraged to sincerely repent for their sins and strive to correct their wrongdoings. This process involves acknowledging the wrong, seeking forgiveness from Allah, and making amends where possible.

Repentance is an important aspect because it offers the opportunity for redemption, both spiritually and socially. However, the opportunity for repentance is not a justification for engaging in bribery, as Islam calls on Muslims to avoid such acts in the first place.

  • Hadith: The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said, “Whoever repents before his death, Allah will accept his repentance.” (Sunan Ibn Majah)

7. Prevention of Corruption and Promotion of Good Governance

Islam places great importance on the prevention of corruption at all levels of society. Bribery is seen as a major form of corruption that can undermine good governance. Islamic teachings emphasize the importance of ensuring that those in positions of power, such as leaders, judges, and administrators, act with integrity and justice. Leaders are required to make decisions based on the welfare of their people and not personal interests.

  • Quran: “Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due and when you judge between people to judge with justice.” (Surah An-Nisa, 4:58)

In this way, Islam encourages systems of accountability, transparency, and ethical leadership, all of which work to prevent the occurrence of bribery and corruption.

8. Role of the Community in Combating Bribery

Islam places responsibility on the entire community to prevent and combat bribery. Muslims are encouraged to be vigilant and to call out corruption whenever they see it. The collective responsibility for maintaining justice and upholding Islamic values means that society, as a whole, should work to create an environment where bribery is discouraged, and ethical behavior is promoted.

  • Hadith: The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said, “Whoever among you sees a wrong, let him change it with his hand; if he is not able to do so, then with his tongue; and if he is not able to do so, then with his heart, and that is the weakest of faith.” (Sahih Muslim)

This Hadith demonstrates that every member of society has a role in combating evil, including bribery, and maintaining the ethical standards set by Islam.

Effects of Bribery:

Nefarious elements in society thrive as proceeds can be laundered, funding disguised, and judicial officials and politicians corrupted through bribes. Levels of violence, illegal drugs, prostitution, kidnapping and intimidation rise accordingly.

Types of  bribery:

  • Bribery by/of a Public official.
  • Bribery by/ of a witness..
  • Bribery of a foreign official.
  • Bank Bribery 
  • Bribery in Sporting contests.

Bribery in Islam is a multi-dimensional concept that impacts individuals, society, and the faith itself. It is viewed as a sin, a violation of justice, and a corrupting force that undermines both the ethical and legal foundations of society. The Islamic teachings are clear: bribery is forbidden, and Muslims are encouraged to promote honesty, fairness, transparency, and justice in all dealings. The ultimate goal is to ensure that the welfare of society is protected and that every individual, regardless of wealth or status, is treated fairly and justly.

Types of Bribe:

There are three types of Bribe:
1. Bribe paid to a judge for a favourable judgement.
2. Bribe for Haram work.
3. Bribe for permitted things.
The first kind of bribe comprises of money etc. paid to a judge may also be bribed for pointing out the loopholes whereby one could weaken the position of the opposite party. It is  absolutely Haram even if he one who is paying the bribe is right and the judge delivers the correct judgement. The paying and receiving of this type of bribe or whatever may comprise this bribe is also Haram and a greater sin. A person who pays or accepts such a bribe deserves the curse.
The Holy Prophet says:
"May Allah curse one who gives a bribe, one who accepts it and who acts as an agent between them."
Elsewhere, the Holy Prophet says:
"Beware of bribe! It is nothing but disbelief. The one who is involved in bribe will not even smell the fragnance of Paradise."
Bribe is not a sin  for the guilty but it constitutes assisting in sin, the one who accepts, However if one is compelled to bribe and without it he cannot obtain his rights, it is another matter, but is is still Haram for one who accepts it. Similarly it is also Haram to reach someone by bribing. The one who acts as an arbitrator or  agent and takes an active part in negotiating bribe is also a sinner.
This type of bribe is absolutely Haram whether paid in cash or kind. Bribe may also comprise of offering some services to the judge like stitching his clothes free of cost or constructing his house etc. Bribe can even be pais in words. One may praise a judge unduly to please him and thus influence him to give a favourable ruling.
"Beware of bribe! It is nothing but disbelief. The one who is involved in bribe will not even smell the fragnance of Paradise.

Significant about Concept of Bribery in Islam:

The concept of bribery in Islam holds significant importance due to its profound impact on individuals, society, and the principles of justice and morality that Islam upholds. The prohibition of bribery is not just about legal or social norms but is deeply rooted in Islamic ethical teachings, emphasizing fairness, integrity, and the well-being of the community. Here are the key significant aspects of the concept of bribery in Islam:

1. Upholding Justice and Fairness

Bribery directly contradicts the Islamic principle of justice (adl), which is central to both personal conduct and societal governance. Islam mandates that justice be served fairly to all, regardless of status or wealth. When bribery is involved, decisions are influenced by personal interests rather than truth and fairness. This creates an unjust system where individuals with power or money gain advantages they do not deserve, which undermines the very fabric of justice.

  • Quranic Principle: Allah commands that rulers, judges, and individuals in positions of power must act with fairness and avoid corruption. For instance, “And if you judge, judge between them with justice.” (Surah Al-Ma’idah, 5:42)

2. Preserving the Trust (Amanah)

In Islam, trust (amanah) is a fundamental value that encompasses all aspects of life, including the trust placed in individuals to carry out their responsibilities honestly. Bribery is a violation of this trust, as it involves betraying the responsibility to act with integrity for personal gain. Whether in leadership, business, or legal matters, the person who takes or offers a bribe is violating their duty to act justly on behalf of others.

  • Hadith: The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said, “Each of you is a shepherd, and each of you is responsible for his flock.” (Sahih Muslim)

Bribery corrupts the fulfillment of this responsibility by enabling one party to deceive and manipulate the system, undermining the trust people have in leadership and governance.

3. Spiritual and Ethical Significance

Bribery is not only a legal or social issue in Islam but also a deeply spiritual one. Engaging in bribery is seen as a form of moral corruption, as it goes against the virtues of honesty, transparency, and integrity that Islam promotes. It is a sin that has spiritual consequences, as it weakens a person's relationship with Allah. Both the giver and the receiver of a bribe are warned of the severe consequences in the Hereafter.

  • Hadith: The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said, “The curse of Allah is upon the one who gives a bribe and the one who takes a bribe.” (Sunan Ibn Majah)

This warning illustrates the severity of bribery as a sin, highlighting the spiritual harm it causes by eroding moral and ethical values.

4. Social Harmony and Equality

Bribery fosters inequality and disrupts social harmony. It creates a system where the wealthy or influential can manipulate circumstances for their advantage, perpetuating inequality and marginalizing the poor and disadvantaged. Islam advocates for an equitable society where every individual is treated with dignity and fairness, and no one is given preferential treatment due to their wealth or social status.

By condemning bribery, Islam seeks to protect the rights of all individuals and promote a just society where decisions are made based on merit and righteousness, not on who can afford to pay or manipulate the system.

5. Economic Impact and Corruption

Bribery leads to economic inefficiency and corruption by distorting the normal flow of business and governance. It encourages dishonesty and fraud, and economic resources are often misallocated to those who can offer bribes rather than those who truly deserve them. Islam encourages an economic system that operates on honesty, transparency, and fairness.

Bribery, in this sense, damages the economy by fostering a culture of corruption, which leads to wasted resources, unfair practices, and a lack of trust in economic institutions.

6. Promotion of Ethical Leadership

Islamic teachings place a significant emphasis on ethical leadership. Leaders are seen as stewards of their communities, entrusted with the responsibility to serve with justice and integrity. Bribery in leadership positions destroys the moral authority of the leader and creates a culture of self-interest and exploitation. Islamic governance systems are intended to operate on the principles of honesty, accountability, and service to the people, not on the pursuit of personal gain.

  • Quranic Principle: "O you who have believed, do not betray Allah and the Messenger or betray your trust while you know [the consequence]." (Surah Al-Anfal, 8:27)

This verse stresses the responsibility of leaders to act justly and fulfill their duties without engaging in corrupt practices like bribery.

7. The Role of the Individual in Combating Bribery

In Islam, every individual has a role to play in preventing and combating bribery. This involves not only refraining from engaging in bribery but also speaking out against it when it occurs. The responsibility is collective, as the integrity of society relies on the ethical conduct of all its members. The teachings of Islam encourage people to act with moral courage and actively work to eliminate corruption in all its forms.

  • Hadith: The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said, “Whosoever sees an injustice, let him change it with his hand, and if he cannot, then with his tongue, and if he cannot, then with his heart, and that is the weakest of faith.” (Sahih Muslim)

This Hadith reinforces the idea that fighting corruption, including bribery, is an essential part of a Muslim’s duty.

8. Accountability and Repentance

Islam encourages accountability, both to society and to Allah. Those who engage in bribery are held accountable for their actions and must seek repentance. Repentance (tawbah) in Islam involves acknowledging the wrongdoing, asking for Allah's forgiveness, and making a sincere commitment not to repeat the sin. This process of spiritual accountability is crucial for personal growth and rectification of moral errors.

  • Quranic Principle: “Indeed, Allah loves those who are constantly repentant and loves those who purify themselves.” (Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:222)

This highlights the significance of repentance for those who have engaged in bribery, offering them the opportunity to cleanse themselves spiritually and return to a path of righteousness.

The concept of bribery in Islam is significant not just as a legal or ethical issue but as a fundamental matter that affects the social, economic, spiritual, and moral fabric of society. Islam places great emphasis on justice, integrity, and fairness, and bribery is viewed as a direct violation of these values. The teachings of Islam call for the eradication of bribery and corruption, urging individuals and society to uphold the principles of honesty, transparency, and accountability in all dealings. Through these principles, Islam seeks to create a just, ethical, and prosperous society.

Verses about Bribery in Islam:

Here are some key verses from the Quran about the concept of bribery, presented both in English and Urdu:

1. Surah Al-Baqarah (2:188)

English Translation: "And do not consume one another’s wealth unjustly or send it [in bribery] to the rulers in order that [they might aid] you [to] consume a portion of the wealth of the people in sin, while you know [it is unlawful]."
(Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:188)

Urdu Translation: "اور آپس میں ایک دوسرے کا مال ناحق طریقے سے نہ کھاؤ اور نہ حکام کے پاس رشوت دے کر لوگوں کا مال کھانے کی کوشش کرو، جبکہ تم جانتے ہو کہ یہ گناہ ہے۔"
(سورة البقرة، 2:188)

2. Surah Al-Ma’idah (5:42)

English Translation: "They are avid listeners to falsehood, devourers of what is unlawful. And if they come to you for judgment, either judge between them or turn away from them. And if you turn away from them, they will never harm you, but if you judge, judge between them with justice. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly."
(Surah Al-Ma’idah, 5:42)

Urdu Translation: "یہ جھوٹ کے سننے والے اور حرام کو کھانے والے ہیں۔ اور اگر وہ تمہارے پاس فیصلہ کرنے کے لیے آئیں تو یا تو ان کے درمیان فیصلہ کرو یا ان سے کنارہ کشی کر لو۔ اور اگر تم ان سے کنارہ کشی کرو تو وہ تمہیں کچھ نہیں نقصان پہنچا سکیں گے، لیکن اگر تم فیصلہ کرو تو ان کے درمیان انصاف کے ساتھ فیصلہ کرو۔ بے شک اللہ انصاف کرنے والوں کو پسند کرتا ہے۔"
(سورة المائدة، 5:42)

3. Surah An-Nisa (4:58)

English Translation: "Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due and when you judge between people to judge with justice. Excellent is that which Allah instructs you. Indeed, Allah is ever Hearing and Seeing." (Surah An-Nisa, 4:58)

Urdu Translation: "یقیناً اللہ تمہیں حکم دیتا ہے کہ امانتیں ان کے اہل کے سپرد کرو اور جب لوگوں کے درمیان فیصلہ کرو تو انصاف کے ساتھ فیصلہ کرو۔ جو اللہ تمہیں حکم دیتا ہے، وہ بہت اچھا ہے۔ بے شک اللہ سننے والا، دیکھنے والا ہے۔"
(سورة النساء، 4:58)

4. Surah Al-A'raf (7:33)

English Translation: "Say, 'My Lord has only prohibited immoralities—what is apparent of them and what is concealed—and sin, and oppression without right, and that you associate with Allah that for which He has not sent down authority, and that you say about Allah that which you do not know.'" (Surah Al-A'raf, 7:33)

Urdu Translation: "کہہ دو، 'میرے رب نے صرف بدکاریوں کو حرام کیا ہے، جو ظاہری ہوں یا باطنی، اور گناہ اور حق کے بغیر ظلم، اور اللہ کے ساتھ ایسی باتوں کو شریک کرنا جن کے لیے اُس نے کوئی دلیل نازل نہیں کی، اور تم اللہ کے بارے میں ایسی بات کہنا جو تم نہیں جانتے۔'"
(سورة الأعراف، 7:33)

5. Surah Al-Imran (3:161)

English Translation: "It is not for a prophet to act dishonestly. And whoever does so will bring what he has done with him on the Day of Judgment, and he will be rewarded for it with a humiliating punishment." (Surah Al-Imran, 3:161)

Urdu Translation: "کسی نبی کے لیے یہ مناسب نہیں کہ وہ خیانت کرے۔ اور جو ایسا کرے گا، وہ جو کچھ بھی اس نے کیا ہے، قیامت کے دن لے کر آئے گا، اور اسے اس کا ذلت آمیز عذاب ملے گا۔"
(سورة آل عمران، 3:161)


These verses, both in English and Urdu, highlight the prohibition of bribery, the need for justice in dealing with others, and the importance of maintaining trust and integrity in society. Islam firmly condemns bribery as an unjust and corrupt practice, and these teachings are meant to ensure fairness and the well-being of all people.

Disadvantages about Bribery in Islam:

Bribery in Islam is viewed as a severe moral and social wrongdoing. The practice has multiple disadvantages, both on an individual and societal level. Islam emphasizes fairness, justice, and the welfare of the community, and bribery undermines these core principles. Here are the key disadvantages of bribery in Islam:

1. Violation of Justice (Adl)

Bribery distorts the fundamental concept of justice, which is central to Islamic teachings. In Islam, decisions must be made fairly and without bias. Bribery compromises this by allowing the wealthy or powerful to gain unjust advantages over others. It leads to decisions being made based on personal gain rather than what is right or fair.

  • Disadvantage: It undermines the principle of fairness and justice, making it difficult for individuals to receive their rightful due based on merit or need.

2. Corruption of Morality and Ethics

Islam promotes a high standard of morality and ethical behavior. Bribery is viewed as a corrupt practice that undermines these values. The giver and the receiver of a bribe engage in dishonesty, deceit, and exploitation for personal gain, which goes against the Islamic teachings of truthfulness, integrity, and sincerity.

  • Disadvantage: Bribery fosters a culture of dishonesty and deceit, eroding the ethical standards that Islam encourages. It weakens the moral fabric of society.

3. Economic Inequality and Unfair Advantage

Bribery exacerbates economic inequality by giving preferential treatment to those who can afford to pay bribes. This creates a system where the rich can manipulate outcomes, while the poor and disadvantaged are further marginalized. In Islam, everyone should have equal access to opportunities, regardless of their financial status.

  • Disadvantage: It widens the gap between the rich and the poor, leading to further economic disparity and injustice in the distribution of wealth and resources.

4. Damage to Social Trust and Cohesion

When bribery is prevalent in society, it erodes the trust that people have in institutions, leaders, and the legal system. This leads to a lack of faith in public authorities and social systems, resulting in a breakdown of social cohesion. Islam promotes trust, unity, and the collective well-being of society, all of which are compromised by bribery.

  • Disadvantage: Bribery damages social trust, which is essential for maintaining peace, harmony, and cooperation in society.

5. Weakening of Leadership and Governance

Islam places a strong emphasis on ethical leadership. Leaders are expected to serve the public with justice, integrity, and selflessness. Bribery in leadership positions leads to corruption and the misuse of power. It allows leaders to act in their own self-interest rather than in the interest of the people they serve, which can damage the effectiveness of governance.

  • Disadvantage: It weakens the quality of leadership and governance, making leaders more focused on personal gain than on the well-being of their communities.

6. Spiritual Consequences

Bribery is not just a social or legal issue in Islam; it also has severe spiritual consequences. It is seen as a form of oppression (zulm) and dishonesty that puts the individual’s faith in jeopardy. Engaging in bribery harms one's relationship with Allah and carries the risk of punishment in the Hereafter.

  • Disadvantage: The individual who engages in bribery faces the risk of spiritual loss, as the practice is condemned by Allah and may lead to divine punishment.

7. Prevention of Economic Development

Bribery hinders the development of a fair and transparent economy. When businesses and government officials engage in bribery, it creates an environment where projects are awarded based on corruption rather than merit, leading to inefficiency, substandard work, and wasted resources. In Islam, honesty and fairness in business and trade are crucial for the prosperity of society.

  • Disadvantage: Bribery slows down economic progress by promoting corruption over competence, leading to inefficiency and wasted resources.

8. Promotion of a Culture of Dependency

Bribery encourages individuals to rely on manipulation and dishonest means rather than hard work, talent, or skill. This creates a culture where people believe that they can achieve their goals through bribery rather than through merit and effort. Islam teaches the importance of earning a livelihood through lawful and honest means.

  • Disadvantage: It promotes a culture of dependency on corrupt practices rather than fostering self-reliance, hard work, and integrity.

9. Weakening of Legal and Judicial Systems

Bribery within legal and judicial systems undermines the rule of law, which is essential for a just society. When individuals can influence legal outcomes through bribery, the entire system becomes ineffective and unjust. In Islam, the legal system is meant to be a source of justice and equity, free from corruption.

  • Disadvantage: It leads to the erosion of the rule of law, making the judicial system unreliable and unfair.

10. Encouraging Further Corruption

Bribery often leads to a vicious cycle of corruption. Once bribery becomes common in a society, it encourages more people to participate in it, creating a widespread culture of dishonesty and exploitation. Islam teaches that such practices must be eradicated to preserve social and moral integrity.

  • Disadvantage: Bribery breeds more corruption and perpetuates a system of injustice, making it harder to break free from the cycle of corruption.

Conclusion:

Bribery in Islam is seen as a harmful and destructive practice with far-reaching consequences. It undermines justice, promotes inequality, and leads to social, economic, and spiritual harm. The Islamic teachings are clear in prohibiting bribery and encouraging fairness, transparency, and accountability in all aspects of life. By rejecting bribery, individuals and societies can work toward a just, ethical, and prosperous future.

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