Islamic Views on Science and Technology:

Islamic values claim that "knowledge of reality is based not on reason alone, but also on revelation and inspiration." A passage in the Quran encourages congruency with the truth attained by modern science." hence they should be both in agreement and concordant with the findings of modern science." 

The application of knowledge and science in Islam is for beneficent ends and in harmony with the purpose of the creator. Consequently knowledge was not considered an end in itself, it was a means for the attachment of higher moral and spiri-tual goals.

Islam say about science and technology:

Islam does not hinder. The progress of science and technology is also not anti-technological goods in the past, present or future come, in the Quran there are many texts (verses) which encourage people to see, look, think , and observe the phenomena of the universe created by Allah.

Contribution of Islam to science and technology:

Muslim scientists made important developments in both geometry and trigonometry which were useful in the study of astronomy and in practical arts such as architecture, and technologies such as the design of water wheels and farming machinery.

Islamic perspective on technology: 

The Islamic perspective on science on science and technology emphasizes the importance of seeking knowledge and knowledge and understanding the natural world as a means of recognizing and appreciating God's creation. Islam encourages the pursuit of knowledge and views science and technology as a means of achieving human welfare.

Difference between Islam and Science:

Islam, like all religions, believes in the supernatural that is accessible or interacts with Man in this life. Science is a human effort to understand the history of natural world and how the natural world works with observable physical evidence. We can understand this by practically doing it or through experiments.

Muslims views on Science:

while the majority of Muslim scientists tried to adapt their understanding of Islam to the findings of modern science, some rejected modern science as "corrupt foreign thoughts, considering it incompatible with Islamic teachings", other advocated for the wholesale replacement of religious worldviews with a scientific.

Muslim views on Science: 

While the majority of Muslim scientists tried to adapt their understanding of Islam to the findings of modern science, some rejected modern science as "corrupt foreign thought, considering it incompatible with Islamic with Islamic teaching others advocated for the wholesale replacement of religious worldviews.

Quran say about teaching:

The Islamic religion views technology as something very important, In Surah Al-Mujadalah verse 11 which means "Allah will raise those believe among you and who have some knowledge." Islam emphasizes how people who are knowledgeable or who know technology are 5. 

Golden age of Islamic science and technology:

The so-called golden age of Islamic science from the eighth to the fifteenth century took place in regions and centers throughout the Islamic world, such as al-Andalus in Spain, the Near East, Central and West Asia, Ottomon   Turkey and India.

Islamic Technology Advances:

The first centuries after Muslims appeared on the world history stage saw the development and invention of a variety of war techniques, including catapults, arrow launchers, firearms and biological weapons, driven by conquest and expansion.

Importance of Science in Islam:

Islam encourages reflection and scientific research because understanding the nature of creation enables people to further appreciate their creator and the extent of his power and wisdom.

 Islamic view of technology:

In Islam, using of Technological advancement is much desirable for Muslims. However, the manner in which technology is used can make it haram. For example, it is permissible to use a  mobile phone, but it is haram to use it for an illicit relationship.

Islam say about Science and technology:

Islam is supportive scientific research that brings  benefit to humankind, but knowledge of science and technology that is predominantly harmful is discouraged. The Islamic view of technology and science is, thus geared towards the purposes they advance.

Islamic views on science and technology are deeply rooted in the faith's foundational texts and intellectual traditions. The Quran, the holy book of Islam, encourages the pursuit of knowledge and understanding of the natural world as a means to better appreciate God's creation. Science, in this context, is seen not as separate from religion, but as a way to gain insight into God's wisdom and to serve humanity.

The Qur'an and the Encouragement of Knowledge

The Qur'an contains numerous verses that emphasize the importance of knowledge, reflection, and learning. For instance, the verse "Read in the name of your Lord who created" (Qur'an 96:1) is often interpreted as an encouragement to seek knowledge and explore the world. Other verses like "Do they not reflect upon the camels, how they are created, and the sky, how it is raised?" (Qur'an 88:17-18) suggest that observation of nature is an act of devotion and a means to understand divine wisdom.

The Role of Science in Islamic History

Historically, Islamic civilization made significant contributions to science, mathematics, medicine, astronomy, and engineering, especially during the Golden Age of Islam (8th to 14th century). Scholars such as Al-Khwarizmi (father of algebra), Avicenna (Ibn Sina, a pioneer in medicine), and Alhazen (Ibn al-Haytham, a father of optics) made groundbreaking advancements that laid the foundation for modern scientific inquiry. These scholars often viewed their work as a way to understand God's creation, aligning their intellectual pursuits with religious devotion.

Islam and Technological Progress

In Islam, technological development is seen as permissible and even encouraged, provided it serves the common good and does not lead to harm or ethical wrongdoing. Islamic teachings emphasize the importance of using technology in ways that uphold moral values, justice, and the welfare of humanity. The use of technology for the betterment of society—such as in medicine, agriculture, and education—is viewed positively.

However, there are ethical considerations that come into play in Islam when it comes to technology. Technologies that harm the environment, violate human dignity, or disrupt social justice are often scrutinized. The principle of Istislah (public interest) is key in this evaluation: technology must be assessed not just for its utility, but for its impact on society, individuals, and the natural world.

Ethical Framework for Scientific Inquiry

Islamic ethics offers a framework for conducting scientific inquiry with integrity. This includes the pursuit of knowledge with humility, the responsibility to avoid misuse, and the need for scientific research to be aligned with human welfare and moral values. In particular, issues like bioethics (e.g., cloning, stem cell research), environmental stewardship, and social justice are deeply relevant to discussions about science and technology in the Islamic context.

Islamic views on science and technology are diverse, multifaceted, and rooted in a long tradition of intellectual engagement with the natural world. Historically, Islamic scholars and thinkers have made significant contributions to science, mathematics, medicine, astronomy, and many other fields. The relationship between Islam and science continues to evolve, and there are various perspectives within the Muslim world about how science and technology should be approached in the context of Islamic teachings. Below are key aspects of Islamic views on science and technology:

1. Islamic Tradition and Intellectual History

Islamic civilization has a rich history of scientific inquiry and technological advancement, particularly during the Golden Age of Islam (roughly from the 8th to the 14th century). Scholars such as Al-Khwarizmi, Avicenna (Ibn Sina), Al-Razi, and Al-Biruni made groundbreaking contributions to fields like mathematics, medicine, chemistry, physics, and astronomy. Many of these scholars saw their work as a way to understand and appreciate the natural world as a reflection of God's creation.

Islamic teachings encourage the pursuit of knowledge, as seen in numerous verses of the Quran and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (Hadith), which emphasize the value of learning and discovery. For instance:

• Quranic Verses on Knowledge:
• "Read in the name of your Lord who created." (Quran 96:1)
• "Are those who know equal to those who do not know?" (Quran 39:9)
• "It is He who created for you from the earth all that is therein." (Quran 45:13)

2. The Role of Science in Islam

In Islam, there is no inherent conflict between faith and reason, and science is seen as a means to understand the universe that God has created. Muslims believe that scientific knowledge can lead to a deeper appreciation of God's power, wisdom, and creativity. For instance:

• Tawhid (Oneness of God): Islam holds that everything in the universe, including natural phenomena, is a sign (ayat) of God's existence and attributes. The study of nature is thus seen as a form of worship and a way to connect with the Creator.
• The Search for Knowledge: The Quran encourages seeking knowledge not just for material benefit, but for spiritual growth. The Prophet Muhammad is reported to have said, "Seeking knowledge is an obligation upon every Muslim."
• Ethical Dimensions: Islamic teachings emphasize ethical behavior in the use of knowledge. Science and technology should serve the public good, be aligned with moral principles, and promote justice, welfare, and environmental stewardship. Technology, for example, should not be used to cause harm or destruction.

3. Islamic Views on the Natural World

Islamic theology sees the natural world as full of signs (ayat) pointing to the Creator. The Quran invites people to reflect on the universe and its phenomena as a way to strengthen their faith. For example:

• Cosmology and Astronomy: Islamic scholars developed sophisticated models of the universe, including advancements in astronomy. The work of astronomers such as Al-Farabi, Al-Tusi, and Ibn al-Shatir contributed to the development of celestial mechanics, and many terms in modern astronomy, like "algebra" (from Al-Khwarizmi) and "algorithm," are derived from Arabic-language scholars.
• Medicine and Health: The Islamic Golden Age also saw the creation of medical knowledge, much of which was based on Greek and Persian traditions, but expanded and developed by Islamic scholars. Avicenna's (Ibn Sina) "Canon of Medicine" became a standard medical text in Europe for centuries. Islamic scholars viewed health and medicine as essential elements in maintaining both physical and spiritual well-being.
• Ethical Use of Technology: In Islam, technological advancement is generally viewed as neutral. It is the intent and application of technology that matters. Technology should promote good and prevent harm. The Quran calls for balance in all things, warning against excess or misuse of resources.

4. Theological and Ethical Considerations in Modern Science and Technology

While science and technology are generally seen as complementary to Islam, modern developments in fields like genetics, artificial intelligence, and biotechnology raise important ethical questions for Muslims. Some of the main concerns include:

• Genetics and Cloning: Islamic scholars generally have cautious views on biotechnology, especially cloning and genetic modification. The preservation of human dignity and the sanctity of life are central to Islamic ethical teachings. Issues such as genetic manipulation of humans, cloning, and organ transplantation are debated within the context of Islamic bioethics.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics: The rise of AI and robotics also brings up ethical concerns about the role of machines in society, the potential for misuse, and the preservation of human dignity. Islamic scholars consider the implications of AI in relation to human rights, justice, and the potential consequences of automation on society.
• Environmental Ethics: Islam has a deep concern for environmental stewardship, as humans are viewed as stewards (khalifah) of the Earth. The Quran and Hadith stress the importance of protecting the environment and living sustainably. Technology that harms the environment or exploits resources without regard for sustainability is viewed negatively.

5. Science, Faith, and the Islamic Response to Modern Challenges

In the contemporary era, there are varying views among Muslims regarding the relationship between Islam and modern science and technology:

• Islamic Science and Secularism: In some parts of the Muslim world, there is tension between secular scientific practices and Islamic worldviews. Some argue that secularism in science conflicts with Islamic beliefs, while others maintain that science and religion should be kept separate. There is also a movement to promote "Islamic science," which seeks to reconcile modern scientific findings with Islamic teachings.
• Contemporary Movements and Reforms: In recent decades, there has been an increasing interest in reinvigorating the Muslim intellectual tradition, including revisiting the relationship between science and religion. Scholars and institutions in the Muslim world have started to focus on producing research that integrates Islamic ethics with modern scientific inquiry.
• Science as a Tool for Progress: Many Muslim-majority countries are investing heavily in technology and innovation to advance their economies and improve the lives of their citizens. Islamic perspectives on science encourage the use of technology to improve social justice, public health, and education while maintaining ethical standards.

6. Islamic Education and Science

Education is highly valued in Islam, and many Muslim-majority countries place a strong emphasis on scientific education. However, the challenge remains in integrating modern scientific curricula with Islamic values. Some modern Islamic schools and universities aim to bridge the gap between scientific advancements and traditional Islamic teachings. These institutions seek to produce scientists who are not only experts in their fields but also ethically grounded in their religious principles.

Conclusion

Islam has a long and rich tradition of scientific inquiry, and many Muslim thinkers throughout history have contributed to the advancement of human knowledge. Islam encourages the pursuit of knowledge and sees science as a means to better understand the universe and fulfill a divine purpose. However, there are also ethical considerations that guide the use of science and technology in Islamic thought. As science and technology continue to evolve, Islamic scholars and communities remain engaged in discussions about how best to apply modern advancements in a manner consistent with Islamic principles of justice, morality, and sustainability

Islamic views on science and technology emphasize the integration of intellectual inquiry with ethical and spiritual principles. The pursuit of knowledge and technological advancement is seen as a means of fulfilling humanity's role as stewards of God's creation, benefiting society, and reflecting on the divine order. While science and technology are embraced as tools for progress, they must be used responsibly, with an awareness of their impact on both the material and spiritual well-being of individuals and society at large.

 

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